President Bill Clinton Essay Example for Free

President Bill Clinton Essay The Map Room Speech delivered by President Bill Clinton by way of apology and explanation regarding his conduct with Monica Lewinsky appeals to the listener as an American and as an individual, that is, makes its appeal to personal and presumably universal feelings and emotions regarding the state and the family. This speech must be reviewed with the idea in mind that this is not the first time that Clinton is speaking on the subject. His initial statement regarding Lewinsky involved the memorable line â€Å"I did not have sexual relations with that woman. † In the early stages of a scandal, it is possible to strategize along the lines of the Chinese saying that â€Å"less talk, less mistake. † That is, by delivering a direct and unequivocal statement, it is possible to brazen everything out and avoid further discussion regarding degrees of involvement or moral culpability. However, in view of later developments, it became necessary to take a different tack. The strategy employed by this speech involves admitting a mistake – admitting a â€Å"wrong† relationship with Ms Lewinsky and deceiving his wife in the process – but it is a mistake that had to be framed as a mistake that any other man would have made. But at the same time that it presents the President as having a lot in common with the man on the street, it also intends to reinforce the image of great-heartedness expected in a gentleman, where he says â€Å"I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, public and private. † Here we are presented with a fusion of Everyman and Hero. The first paragraph of this speech makes the point that he has, in the course of the investigation, answered questions that â€Å"no American citizen would ever want to answer. † The juxtaposition of â€Å"American citizen† with the concept of doing something unwillingly while at the mercy of a probing authorities is meant to create tension between the idea of the American as the â€Å"freest citizen on Earth† and a version of reality where he actually is not quite â€Å"free†. On some level it would evoke the historical â€Å"white man’s burden† that the US was supposed to have taken up when it acquired colonies in Asia – that the American has a great responsibility to truth because to those whom much is given, much is expected. The ordinary man on the street might feel this, that he submits to Big Brother on occasion, because he must keep his country great and intact. In the next paragraphs he owns up to his mistakes while emphasizing the mitigating factors. He has been truthful and never lied, since all his answers were â€Å"legally accurate. † This would dispose of the famous episode where â€Å"oral sex† as â€Å"real sex† was called into question during the investigation. He also stresses that he never asked anyone to practice deception for his sake, which statement seems to be intended to call attention to the fact that he is not a heartless cheating bastard or a predatory boss. He did not ask the women in his life – his wife and his mistress – to cover up for him, or to risk their integrity for him as he could have done so easily, as some unscrupulous men would have done quite easily, were they situated in a position as powerful as his. Clinton then proceeds to attribute his silence to a lapse in judgment. The earlier tactic of brazening out a tricky situation seems to have backfired, and thus must be transformed into, or presented as, keeping quiet out of the desire to protect the innocent – those who cannot protect themselves. Of course, one keeps silent or withholds information from the media, and this portion contrasts the family man’s desire to protect honor or the finer sensibilities of his wife and daughter with that of the media as a relentless institution that will say all, that must have its ratings and viewers, at the expense of reputations or feelings or whatever it is that is insulted in the course of getting the story. He also reminds the public that there was a politically motivated lawsuit – one which was subsequently dismissed – that was ongoing at the time the scandal erupted. Now the image includes political enemies, whose popular image would be, like the media, that of predators: Power-hungry individuals out to destroy a man who is only trying to do his best. In touching on this investigation he says: â€Å"The independent counsel investigation moved on to my staff and friends, then into my private life, and now the investigation itself is under investigation. This has gone on too long, cost too much, and hurt too many innocent people. † Here it is worthwhile to note the emphasis on cost, the toll which the investigation, where he and his wife have been cleared anyway, has taken not just in terms of time or money, but again in terms of the mental or moral anguish that it has caused â€Å"innocent people. † He then brings the situation home; the public issue is also a private one, and indeed, now that the public aspect of it has been disposed of, the process of dealing with it as a personal, a family issue, commences. The unspoken truth here is that this process will be more difficult than the public one. He says that the people he loves most are his wife and daughter. Such statements are rather like a Hallmark greeting card – bland enough to slide off without anyone taking umbrage or questioning the validity of the statement. At the same time, the cliche carries with it great power. While love is a complex thing that is constantly in flux, with family relations being a barometer of the same, the ordinary individual does not question its nature but only sticks to his guns and says â€Å"I love my family. † To say, â€Å"Now this matter is between me, the two people I love most: my wife and our daughter, and our God. I must put it right, and I am prepared to do whatever it takes to do so. Nothing is more important to me personally,† is to say exactly what the ordinary American thinks he would feel in such a situation, and moreover, it uses much the same language that he would. The father of the family also puts his foot down when he says, â€Å"†¦I intend to reclaim my family life for my family. It’s nobody’s business but ours. † Of course, one of the more striking lines in this speech is â€Å"Even Presidents have private lives. † The audience here is asked to have mercy, or perhaps, more accurately, to step up and do their part as members of a community. If America is a great democracy, then the rules that apply to you and your neighbors down the hall or across the street apply to the president too – and not just rules, but privileges. The turn of phrase is made even more pleasing by the suggestion that this time, it is the nation – the man with his beer on the couch, watching tv, the mother preparing dinner, that has the power. Spare the President, because he’s only human. And this way, the passive viewer gets to feel that he or she actually gets to do something that matters. Then Clinton, in the last three paragraphs, draws matters to a close. He says that â€Å"It is time to stop the pursuit of personal destruction and the prying into private lives, and get on with our national life. † This is calculated to appeal to loftier feelings. It says â€Å"You’re better than that. † Or better yet â€Å"We’re better than that. † With these words, he aligns himself with the people. It is at this point that he ceases to be – at least within the framework of this speech – the beleaguered and erring politician, or the earnest, hardworking father and husband who has made the mistake of an office dalliance. At this point, he is gathering up the reins and resuming the role of President, Leader of the Nation. In its sweep, it even disposes of the notion that the presidency he holds is actually at the mercy of the people’s preference. But there is nothing wrong with this, not really. After all, anyone who has been a leader, whether coach of a basketball team, head of a clique or a mother of small children, knows that there is a time when one has to act decisively, to think for the followers and act rather than to pay obsessive attention to their every squeak and whimper. He refers to the country as having been â€Å"distracted for too long. † Indeed, the business of nation-building, or at least the one of getting along from one day to another as a nation, would appear to benefit from being presented once more as something lofty. For once everything is in place – when the people have enough to eat, for instance, and homes and televisions and cable tv – it is easy to become lost in inane distractions like a media circus. Or at least, that it is a media circus and detrimental to the work begun by the Founding Fathers and continued by the Pioneers, is the desired effect. He calls then for people to the â€Å"important work to do real opportunities to seize, real problems to solve, real security matters to face. † This effectively writes off the scandal in which he has been recently embroiled as â€Å"not real. † Security issues are real, the opportunity for economic growth is real, but the doings of a man and his intern are less â€Å"real. † And this makes sense in a practical way – set against the greater scale of things, it seems to say, does it really matter that Bill Clinton had sex with Monica Lewinsky? This speech acknowledges its importance to the nation in a â€Å"if it’s important to you, then it’s important to me† kind of way; â€Å"I care about how you feel,† he says to America. But as it ends, he presents the events of the preceding months as a small matter, after all, set against the backdrop of the greatness that is America in the century that (at that time) was just about to begin. In conclusion, in the alliances and associations created by this speech is a powerful message to the listeners that they mustn’t care too much about one man’s mistake – what they (and that erring man) have at hand is a much greater task: upholding the great American nation.

The Effects of Poverty on the Lives of Children Essay -- Papers Britai

The Effects of Poverty on the Lives of Children Child poverty is common in the United Kingdom, 21% of all children were classified as poor in 1995. One child in three spends at least one year in poverty over his or her lifetime, and for more than 5% of children, poverty lasts 10 years or more. Most poor children are subject to a number of risk factors in addition to low family income; nonetheless, research shows that poverty has selective, but in some cases quite substantial, effects on child and adolescent well-being. Poor children not only experience material deprivation but also are more likely than non poor children to experience a number of undesirable outcomes including poor health and death, failure in school, out of wedlock births, and violent crime. Child poverty can be reduced by a combination of policies, versions of which are currently in place in the United Kingdom, to help families earn more and supplement earned income with other sources of cash (such as Child Tax Credits and Working Tax Credits). In addition, the effects of poverty can be reduced by programs that provide benefits in the form of goods and services (such as food, housing, and health care) which are vital to children's well-being. Despite the frequently voiced sentiment that few programs work, the United Kingdom has a number of effective programs in place that address the needs of poor children and reduce their numbers, although more can be done. To gather public support, however, interventions to improve conditions for poor children should be consistent with public values that hold society responsible for (a) meeting basic human needs for thos... ...n. Food, shelter, health care, and other necessities are crucial for children's well-being, and extra income can make life more enjoyable. The important question about which there is debate is whether the things that extra money, above a subsistence level of income, would buy make a big difference in child outcomes. The answer to this question is a qualified ?yes.? The qualification reflects the facts that income seems to have a larger, more consistent independent effect on some outcomes (such as school achievement in the early grades) than others (such as teenage childbearing) and that the timing and persistence of poverty are important factors in the size of its impact. These issues are explored further in the ensuing discussion of policies for poor children, which includes recommendations for specific interventions.

ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS Essay

Inadequate skills is present if the problem is the employee’s lack of certain skills, a supervisor should see that the employee gets the necessary training. Talent management is the automated end-to-end process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees throughout the organization. Lisa needs to set up a mentoring and coaching programs that will advises, counsels, and guides her current employees. Both coaching and mentoring skills are needed for appraising employees, but appraising and assessing refer to rating an employee. While employers have long â€Å"managed their talent† without computerized systems, talent management today is usually information technology–based. Several software providers offer specialized talent management suites. The suites include and integrate underlying talent management components such as e-recruiting, e-training, performance reviews, and rewards. For example, talent management software includes e-rec ruiting software, employee performance management, a learning management system, and compensation management. Among other things, this program relieves the stress of writing employee performance reviews by automating the task and ensures â€Å"that all levels of the organization are aligned—all working for the same goals (Dessler, 2011).† Lisa and the CFO have sufficiently investigated whether training is really called for through the control process. A manager should continuously gather information about each employee’s performance. This is an ongoing activity, not something the supervisor saves to do when filling out appraisal forms. Ways to gather information include keeping regular performance records (such as a work team’s output or the customer calls handled by each employee), saving customer notes of complaint or praise, writing a summary whenever an employee is observed doing something exceptional, and encouraging employees to keep track of their accomplishments. This record keeping may seem time-consuming, but it is essential. Lisa and other supervisors need to make sure employees know and understand what is expected of them. To do this, they should make sure that objectives for the employees are clear, and he or she should communicate them effectively. Employees are most likely to  understand and be committed to objectives when they have a say in developing them. More and more firms now require that supervisors and employees together set mutually acceptable performance goals. Hospitality Skills/Training Guide for Valet Attendant Set your property apart from the competition with this excellent job-specific training program for valet attendants. This binder is divided into 6 tabbed sections: This guide provides the basis of a six-day training course for new employees and current employees. The Employee Knowledge tab includes: †¢Quality Guest Service †¢Bloodborne Pathogens †¢Personal Appearance †¢Emergency Situations †¢Lost and Found †¢Recycling Procedures †¢Safe Work Habits †¢Manager on Duty †¢Your Property’s Fact Sheet †¢Employee Policies †¢The Americans with Disabilities Act Employee Skill tab contains: †¢Follow the Property’s Valet Posting Positions †¢Maintain Clear Drive-up/Drop-off Area †¢Welcome Guests and Offer Assistance †¢Load and Transport Luggage Using Luggage Cart †¢Valet Park Guest Vehicles †¢Retrieve Vehicles That Have Been Valet Parked †¢Provide Storage for Guest Luggage †¢Assist With Luggage for Group Arrivals and Departures †¢Use the Guest Information Directory †¢Prepare Maps and Provide Directions †¢Arrange for Services Requested by Guests †¢Handle Guest Service Problems †¢Arrange for or hail Taxis for Guests †¢Arrange Limousine Services †¢Provide Courtesy Transportation †¢Report Vehicle Accidents †¢Clean the Drive-up, Entrance, Valet Stand, and Luggage Carts †¢Assist Guests at Check-out †¢Respond to Situations Requiring First Aid †¢Handle Cash Payment and Tips †¢Assist in Rooming Guests †¢Assist Guests During Room Changes The Hotel Paris’s competitive strategy is â€Å"To use superior guest service to differentiate the Hotel Paris properties, and to thereby increase the length of stay and return rate of guests, and thus boost revenues and profitability.† HR manager Lisa Cruz must now formulate functional policies and activities that support this competitive strategy by eliciting the required employee behaviors and competencies. References: Dessler, G. (2011). Human Resource Management. (13 Ed.).Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice Hall

Anne A Great Deal Of Personal Growth - 834 Words

Anne’s accomplishments in the movement are very indirect. Throughout the entire story Anne shows us a great deal of personal growth. Anne overcame some very tough challenges in the book Coming of Age in Mississippi leading her to become a very strong and independent activist. Although Anne’s efforts did not greatly impact the movement directly, they did have a great impact on her personal growth. Anne dedicated her life after college to being an activist, this helped her grow in many different ways. This essay will talk about how Anne’s efforts affected both the movement and Anne personally. Throughout the book Anne was begging for others approval. â€Å"It no longer seemed important to prove anything. I had found something outside myself that gave meaning to my life.† (288), Anne states. Anne was having a tough time deciding what she wanted to do with her life after college. She decided that she was going to dedicate herself to being a full-time activist. After Anne graduated, she was unemployed but she didn’t seem to mind; she would rather spend her time participating in the movement. Even though Anne was just another activist, she was proving to herself that though her efforts may not have a huge impact on the movement; her efforts had an impact on herself, proving that she could be independent. Anne feels accepted while participating in the movement. She fits in better with the other activists than she does with her own family. After being reunited with her family in NewShow MoreRelatedThe Confessional Style Of Poetry1009 Words   |  5 Pagestrying to portray. The confessional style of poetry is one that allows the poet to speak freely; it is personal and allows the author to share emotions, thoughts, and feelings. Within the last decade the confessional style of poetry has changed because of the growth of certain social issues. It has become a way for poets to express their feelings towards topics like these or describe their personal experiences in a poetic way. Writing in the confessional style of poetry has allowed poets to have moreRead MoreThe Military Revolution1574 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcome of changes in the virtuosity of war between 1560 and 1660. The changes crucially influenced campaigning and combat in Europe during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The most influential alterations included transformation in weapons, growth in the army size, change in tactics and organization, and centralization of the states’ bureaucracies. There were many battles in the late 17th and early 18th centuries that were highly influenced by the implications of the military revolution, forRead MoreWhy Marriages Fail880 Words   |  4 PagesKyree Pope Courtney Harned ENGL 101 22 April 2013 Cause/Effect Critical Response Essay Anne Roiphe, Why Marriages Fail â€Å"Happily ever after† and â€Å"Till death do us part†, expressions such as these are losing their meaning due to increasing divorce rates. Close to one-half of all marriages are destined for divorce, which is the cause of 42 percent of children growing up in single parent homes. In every failed marriage or relationship, there are commonRead MoreCult Of Virginity Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesis committed to her marriage or she is single and remains chaste and untainted by the corrupting rumors on her sexual life. If she is nevertheless sexually active, her accomplishments would be attributed to her male partners rather than to her own personal qualities. In the intimate heterosexual relationships, virginity is a woman’s valuable asset which might make her vulnerable if its absent, but also overprotective if it is maintained. Loss of virginity cultivates the fear of being rejected by theRead MoreEssay on Becoming an Effective Early Childhood Teacher1594 Word s   |  7 PagesWhat separates a good teacher from a great Teacher? â€Å"First and foremost a teacher must love working with children. No matter how well you teach, there is always room for Improvement † (Killen,2009.p.100) .In this Essay I hope to show some of the key attributes, that I consider essential to becoming an effective early childhood teacher. Those key aspects are communication, building lasting relationships, engaging students effectively in the learning process, and encouraging and appreciating diversityRead MoreWgu Jdt2 Task 24523 Words   |  19 Pages In the next two fiscal years, the symphony’s problem isn’t looking better with the musicians set to get a 12.9% increase for the 02-03 fiscal year and another 6.8% for the 03-04 fiscal year. In terms of leadership, Keith Lockhart represents a great talent that contributes directly to the success of the symphony. His successes are well documented: he served as the conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra, he has conducted over 600 concerts, and created 50 television shows, including some for PBSRead MoreLgbtq Youth And Its Impact On The Community Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesa positive identity while going the process of coming out. To assist LGBTQ youth with the decision of coming out, school therapists must create an environment that is conducive to trust, provide resources that will educate and foster empathy, and great care must be given to the type of therapy. School psychologists must help create and foster an environment that educates administrators, teachers, and non LGBT students. Many lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and transgender youth do not feel safe in schoolRead MoreSelf Interpretive Essay2491 Words   |  10 PagesAnne Riley Laid Off: One of the most interesting topics covered in class for me was that of emotions and moods. I have a hard time understanding when and how to express my emotions. This has been a real problem for me in all of my relationships, both professional and personal. Though I have never been laid off I feel I relate to the case of Anne Riley to some degree. Anne was able to better understand and recognize her emotions and in the long run benefited from that knowledge. The case beginsRead MoreThe Diary Of A Young Girl3951 Words   |  16 Pages1944. This young girl was named Anne Frank, and she asked this question in regards to one putting up a faà §ade in order to conceal their true self from the outside world. Because of her Jewish ethnicity, she was used to having to pretend she was something she was not in order to survive, but when she beings to feel herself putting up a fake front in front of her family and friends, she realizes she does not fully accept herself. In The Diary of a Young Girl, Anne realizes that she doesn t fullyRead MoreEssay about â€Å"Utah Symphony and Utah Opera: a Merger Proposal†14805 Words   |  60 Pagescompounded by: * High salaries set by collective agreement. * Agreed upon wage increases that do not consider the financial status of the organization. Recommendations Anne Ewers must provide a persuasive strategy to ensure that the financial crisis of the Utah Symphony is a priority prior, during, and following the merger. Anne Ewers has a praiseworthy track record with regards to stabilizing the financial situations of performing arts organizations. During her term as general director of the Boston

The Negative Effects of Colonialism Essay - 809 Words

â€Å"Colonialism is the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.†[1] (Colonialism). Colonialism has caused several factors including the north-south gap which occurred after World War II. Colonialism began in the 1500s; the process works by a mother country using the colony’s natural resources, money savings and their lands to overpower the dependent country. This causes the country to be forced to rely on the mother country. Therefore the world wide scramble for colonies, particularly in the late 19th century- early 20th century had a tremendous negative effect on the economic, social, and political structures of indigenous, non- industrialized peoples. The economic system for†¦show more content†¦The way people were treated was absurd. They were considered like slaves. The people were given no rights and no privacy. For example, if the mother country accuses one as a terrorist, they would tap all one’s phone calls and follow him/her on a daily basis. In addition, the people were suffering from starvation and were going through poverty as disease spread. This resulted to a decline in population growth, a decline in the economy, and an increase in the country’s death rate. Some other negative effects, in some cases, were the rights women were given. Women did not have the right to vote, and were denied a higher education. Above all, the most tremendous negative effect was the discrimination and people dividing into social groups. Discrimination can cause killings, shootings and above all, war. Because of all of this, the colony’s tradition and social behaviors are all strongly affected causing a negative effect on the social structure. The mother country also does not provide a decent healthcare system and educational programs because it does not want the original people to outsmart and outgrow the mother country. As long as the mother country is in control, it must stay superior and smarter then the dependent country’s people. This results to poverty. The people are poor because of their poor economy, healthcare system andShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Colonialism1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Colonialism â€Å"During the phase of colonial settlement, European countries sent settlers to inhabit and control large areas of land. They took complete control of new areas by force and imposed European laws. These settlers often excluded indigenous inhabitants from their society or killed many of them in violent wars or through disease† (Stewart 1). Colonialism is a conceptual idea that has forever damaged our first-world society. Tribes and nations from every crevice of the earth haveRead MoreNegative Effects Of Colonialism1445 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen developed to justify and outline the impact of colonialism on various communities across the world. Some of these postcolonial studies contend that colonialism brought civilization to minority communities in the form of formal education, improved technology, religion, improved infrastructure, and increased trade. Although economic growth and political stability were the outcomes of European imperialism in Native territories, these po sitive effects are outweighed by the massive loss of lives, widespreadRead MoreNegative Effects Of Colonialism1706 Words   |  7 PagesColonialism: noun, a word meaning to take complete control over another country, influence its culture, and exploit it economically for the colonizing countries benefit. The very meaning of colonialism reveals its unwavering ability to bring forth great change in the customs and ways of life of all of the people that it affects. The end result of colonialism has been shown time after time as a society stripped of its native culture and left as a hollow shell of its former ways of living. ColonialistsRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Colonialism on the Colonized Country Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesColonialism, which was a major cause of the north-south gap that occurred in the period following the Second World War, is the takeover by a nation of foreign territories; making them part of it to aid its own economical, social and political structures. The mother countries succeed in doing that by using the colony’s natural resources, money savings, and their lands, which leads the colony to rely on the mother country and therefore, leaving the country underdeveloped. Hence, the world wide scrambleRead MoreAfrican Perspectives On Colonialism By Adu Boahen1138 Words   |  5 Pages Zaidi 1 Syed Haider Zaidi Andrea Boffa History 108 Section G 4/23/15 â€Å"African Perspectives on Colonialism† is a book written by A. Adu Boahen. This book classifies the African responses to European colonialism in the 19th century. Boahen begins with the status of Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century and follows through the first years of African independence. This book deals with a twenty yearRead MoreInfluential Colonisation And Its Impact On Contemporary Africa1507 Words   |  7 PagesOutlined by this quote, that although in terms of times colonialism is a small section of African history, it has left an imprint throughout the continent. This essay will look at how influential colonisation is in contemporary Africa, there are two main groups of scholars who argue how influential colonialism was in Africa the first is outlined by Gann and Duigan and they hold the view that the colonial era was ‘the most decisive for the future of Africa’. The alternative school of thought is heldRead MoreAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic and political effect of colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part AfricaRead MoreComparison of Patons Cry, The Beloved Country and Conrads Heart of Darkness1357 Words   |  6 Pagespre-colonialism native land of Africa. Heart of Darkness also tells the story of a man and his experiences with colonialism, but a man who comes from a different time period and a very different background than Alan Paton’s Stephen Kumalo. 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As this paragraph shows, colonialism had many negative impacts on the African continent and in other places throughout the world. However, some good also came from colonialism, such as introducing technology to the archaic territories. But does this justify the torment and turmoil that the African continent had to endure during colonialism? In my opinion, there is no amount of good that could excuse or justify the way the actions of European nation during colonialism in Africa

Literary Analysis - 1773 Words

A Literary Analysis on Flanner O Connor s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Written by ShaLynn M. Andrews Flannery O Connor s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is about a Georgia family on their way to Florida for a vacation and the day ending in disaster and murder. The story opens with the grandmother, also being the main character, trying to convince her son, Bailey, not to go to Florida; she had just read an article about a recently escaped convict, the Misfit, who was supposedly heading to Florida. The next morning, the family, including the grandmother, her son, her son s wife, their baby and two kids, along with the grandmother’s cat, leave for the vacation. Shortly into the story, the family stops for something to eat at†¦show more content†¦The grandmother, through her moment of religious grace, has seen the humanity of the Misfit and calls him â€Å"one of her babies†. According to an article by Jessica Hooten, the grandmother exemplifies â€Å"self-focus and self-righteousness [attitude]; she initiates every problem in the story from the first sentence: The grandmother didn t want to go to Florida (O Connor, 264).† Disregarding the desires of her family, the grandmother prioritizes her desire to stay home. Many literary critics see the grandmother as being a hypocritical, judgmental, manipulative, prideful instigator. In the novel, the grandmother â€Å"knew that Bailey [her son] would not be willing to lose any time looking at an old house, but the more she talked about it, the more she wanted to see it once again and find out if the little twin arbors were still standing.†There was a secret panel in this house,† she said craftily, not telling the truth but wishing that she were..† (O Connor, 268). Using this lie to excite and coax the children, she knew it would annoy Bailey enough to finally give in and the grandmother would get what she wants. In a recent article, Stanley Renner wrote that the view of the grandmother s moment of ascension â€Å"seems to demand more sympathy than the story grants her. The author has characterized the grandmother so that is is virtually impossible to say anything unquestionably good about her. One cannot even fall back on the excuse that she means well, since most of what sheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Literary Analysis on Revelation794 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Analysis â€Å"Revelation† Flannery O’Connor short story entitled â€Å"Revelation† was swayed by her personal upbringing in the South. She lived in the time where people from the South were very intolerant and narrow-minded towards people who had a different lifestyle and who were of a different race. Because Southerners believed people who did not live up to their wealth or status were inferior, it offered O’Connor the exact descriptions she wanted for the characters in this story. The mainRead MoreLiterary Analysis : An Inspector Calls 2046 Words   |  9 Pagescriticism: examines literature in the cultural, economic and political context in which it is written or received,† exploring the relationships between the artist and society. Sometimes it examines the artist’s society to better understand the author’s literary works; other times, it may examine the representation of such societal elements within the literature itself (Social Criticism) An example of this would be how in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck goes against what society wantsRead MoreThe Joseph Narrative: Literary Analysis and the Role of God5196 Words   |  21 PagesThe Joseph Narrative: Literary Analysis and the Role of God The Joseph narrative can be found in the book of Genesis chapters 37-50. It is slightly interrupted â€Å"by the story of Judah and Tamar (Gen. 38) and by the so-called Blessing of Jacob (Gen. 49:1-28)† (Skinner, 438). 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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Free Essays

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is portrayed in the movie, Groundhog Day. Maslow’s hierarchy states that as lower level needs get satisfied, a person develops or realizes more needs or higher level needs. The movie is about Phil, the protagonist, who wakes up every morning realizing that he is reliving the same day over and over. We will write a custom essay sample on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs or any similar topic only for you Order Now He demonstrates his way up to the pyramid of needs. First, he recognizes his physiological needs. He stays in a small inn for lodging where he also eats breakfast. After fulfilling his physiological needs, he develops the need for safety. The next day, he stays back in town to avoid the blizzard, which he didn’t do the day before. Upon fulfilling his safety needs, his social needs emerge. He encounters an old friend from high school and invites her for a date. He also tries having several drinks with Rita to make the conversation perfect and impress her. In addition, he tries getting to know everyone in town. As his social needs get fulfilled, his needs grow to the next level, which is his esteem needs. He tries to make his day a different one by helping everyone he sees who needed help. He learns new things such as ice sculpturing and piano. Once his esteem needs are satisfied, he develops self-actualization needs. He tries to develop himself by being the savior in town. He tries to save an old man by bringing him to the hospital and giving him food. He also tries to save a young boy from falling from a tree and save an old man from choking. The movie, clearly illustrates Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. How to cite Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Essay examples Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Free Essays 1. Introduction In the field of management, motivating employees is a very important issue that managers have to consider. Research has shown in many cases that companies with motivated and satisfied employees are more efficient and productive. We will write a custom essay sample on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering the goal of the company, this can lead to higher profits and moreover to a good internal corporate culture. How can managers accomplish this task? Is it effective using Maslow’s theory to motivate employees? This paper will analyze why managers should not follow Maslow’s theory of needs in order to motivate employees. To prove this statement, the expose will focus on the model of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, after giving a brief description of motivation. In addition the paper will examine how, according to Maslow, managers can satisfy these needs in a company. Furthermore the weaknesses are pointed out, also with the help of research studies. At the end, Alderfer’s ERG Theory is compared to Maslow’s theory , as he reshaped the hierarchy of needs, which will provide a better understanding of Maslow’s theory and especially of the weaknesses. Although Maslow’s theory is often used to illustrate the concept of motivation, it is not a reliable theory when utilizing it in practice. 2. Motivation In the context of Psychology motivation can be described as ‘ processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal ‘(Robbins 2007: 186). Many managers who do not see motivation in their employees tend to characterize them as lazy. However motivation is not a personal trait, and therefore can always be taught. This concludes that one should not deal with the question whether someone is motivated, instead one should find out what is causing the motivation or lack of motivation (Robbins 2007: 186) In the 1950’s some of the first need theories that explain how work-related behavior can be driven by satisfying needs, were formulated (Furnham 1992: 128). 3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The need hierarchy which is also associated with a pyramid , is divided into five levels which represent five basic needs. Maslow assumed that an individual had five needs which are activated in a hierarchical order. It was based on the prepotency of needs, meaning that a need emerged as a motivator as soon as a lower-need was satisfied (Heylighen 1992: 40) 3. 1 Model * Physiological Needs – food, water , air , shelter * Safety Needs – security, stability, protection * Love and Belongingness Needs– relationships, friends, family, socializing * Self-esteem Needs – achievement, reputation, independence, prestige * Self-actualization Needs – becoming everything one is capable of becoming (Maslow 1970 : 39-46) Counter argument: Maslow’s theory claims that all needs are not equal. In general, one might approve this statement as in many cases lower order needs take priority over higher order needs. However, in certain situations e. g escaping danger, hunger might be unimportant (Kalat 2008: 377). Therefore the hierarchical model does not provide an accurate picture of reality and does not consider these exceptions. 3. 2 Application on Management As Maslow claims, that once a need is satisfied, it does not serve as a motivator anymore, managers for example cannot only pay their employees more money, as this need will eventually be satisfied and no longer be a motivator. Instead they have to find other ways to satisfy the different needs (Robbins: 187) In the context of an organization (Sadri 2011 : 45-48) : * Physiological Needs – salaries, wages, bonuses * Safety Needs – health insurances, retirement plans * Love and Belongingness Needs – teamwork, company festivals, clubs * Self-esteem Needs –recognition, praise, competitions, promotions * Self-actualization Needs- tution reimbursement programs Counter argument: Maslow argues that a ‘satisfied need no longer motivates’. (Robbins 2007: 187). However, due to the fact that ‘ motivation is driven by the situation’ (Robbins 2007: 186) , for an employee who has reached self-esteem, job security can become a motivator again, in times of a financial crisis. 3. 3 Weaknesses * Motivation does not change only within an individual due to different situations, but also among all individuals (Robbins 2007: 186). Therefore managers have to know how to motivate each employee in an effective way according to Maslow. This is a big challenge, and unlikely to occur when implementing in reality. Another criticism of the theory itself is the aspect of culture. ‘ In countries like Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty avoidance characteristics are strong, security needs would be on top of the need hierarchy’ (Robbins 2007: 212). This shows that the theory can only be applied to the American culture, where self-actualization is the goal of most individuals. * From 1966 to 1973, there have been many studies, whi ch tested Maslow’s theory, however ‘these results were not supportive of Maslow’s need structure (Wahba,Bridwell 1976)’ (Berl, Williamson Powell 1984: 34). 4. ERG Theory Clayton Alderfer, an american psychologist reworked Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and developed a theory called ERG Theory (Robbins 2007: 188) 4. 1 Comparison to Maslow’s Theory In comparison to Maslow, Alderfer distinguishes between three categories (Weihrich 2010: 331). * Existence Needs * Relatedness Needs * Growth Needs Alderfer criticised the hierarchic order, giving two reasons. * Firstly ,through the hierarchic order only one need can be satisfied at a time. Alderfer referred to this point in his theory, and affirmed that ‘ more than one need may be activated at a time’ (Kreitner 2007 : 238). For example, an employee might go to work in order to afford a place to live, but also because he or she is motivated due to the good relationships with coworkers or managers (Weihrich 2010: 331-332). * On top of that Maslow justified his hierarchic order with the belief that ‘people tend to satisfy their needs systematically’ (Cole 2004: 36). However Alderfer argued that a ‘systematic movement up the hierarchy does not seem to be a consistent form of behavior for many people’ (Cole 2004: 36). 5. Conclusion The examination of Maslow’s theory and the comparison to Alderfer’s theory lead to the conclusion that on one side, it is true that individuals have different needs and that they relate to work behavior, but unfortunately the hierarchic structure does not appropriately reflect reality. On top of that, it is impossible for managers to find out what need is dominating each employee, as it can change due to situations. Furthermore ,due to the aspect of culture you cannot place a specific need at the top. As the weaknesses supported by the research, prove that the model does not work out in practice, it can be concluded that it is not advisable for managers to follow Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order to motivate employees. Bibliography Berl,R. L, Williamson, N. C. , Powell,T. (1984) Industrial Salesforce Motivation: A Critique and Test of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, 4(1), 33-39. Retrieved 26/04/2012 from EBSCO Cole, G. A. (2004) Management Theory and Practice. (6th edition) London : Geraldine Lyons. Retrieved 20/04/2012 from http://books. oogle. de/books? id=HQhvAnb4TgMCprintsec=frontcoverdq=management+theory+and+practice+colehl=desa=Xei=IQ6XT7fCGIrNtAbqhommDgved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=management%20theory%20and%20practice%20colef=false Furnham, A. (1992) ,Personality At Work: The Role of Individual Differences In The Workplace. London : Routledge. Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=v_hPuMqN_d0Cpg =PA128dq=need+theorieshl=desa=Xei=i6WT42SEIfVsgbM8aicDgved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=need%20theoriesf=false Heylighen, F. 1992). A Cognitive Systematic Reconstruction of Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization. Behavioral Science. 37, 39-57 Retrieved 24/04/2012 from http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/Papers/Maslow. pdf Kalat,J. (2008) Introduction to Psychology. (9th edition) Wadsworth: Cengage Learning Kreitner,R. , Kinicki A. (2007) Organizational Behaviour (7th edition ). New York : McGraw-Hill Maslow, A. H (1970) Motivation and Personality. (2nd edition). New York: Harper ; Row Publishers Sadri, G. , Bowen, R. C. (2011) Meeting employee requirements : Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide. Industrial engineer. 43 (10 ) ,44-48. Robbins, S. P, Judge,T. A. (2007) Organizational Behavior (12th edition) New Jersey: Pearson Education Weihrich,H. , Cannice,M. v. , Koontz, H. (2010) Management : A Global and Entrepreneurial Perspective. New Dheli : Tata McGraw Hill Education. Retrieved 22/04/2012 from http://books. google. de/books? id=6vRX9w7ukhcC;pg=PA331;dq=alderfer+erg+theory;hl=de;sa=X;ei=Hj-UT_a0EMvdsgbOstyiBA;ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage;q=alderfer%20erg%20theory;f=false How to cite Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Papers