The Accordance of Basel in regards to Banking laws and regulations - Free Essay Example

Basel Accords which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision consists of Basel I, Basel II and Basel III. Basel I was adopted in 1988 and was enforced internationally in 1992. While Basel I is now outdated, Basel II was formed and implemented by a lot of countries. Soon after that Basel III came into place when the world was faced with Global Financial Crisis. Basel I primarily focused on credit risk. This Accord was enforced by law in Group of Ten (G-10) countries which included Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands and Luxembourg. Basel II is the second of Basel accords issued by the Basel committee on Banking Supervision. This framework was officially known as International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards. The main purpose of Basel II, published in June of 2004, was to create an international standard that banking regulators would be able to use when creating regulations about the amount of capital that banks need to put aside to guard them against the financial and operational risks that most banks face. Australia implemented Basel II framework on January 1 2008 through its Australian Prudential Regulation Authority The 3 fundamental pillars of Basel II include: Pillar 1: It deals with the Minimum Capital Requirement calculation which has to be maintained against Credit, Operational and Market risk. Pillar 2: It deals with the Supervisory Review Process which describes the principles for effective supervision. Pillar 3: It deals with the need for Market Discipline which requires the lenders to widely provide details of their risk rating processes, risk management activities and risk distributions. Basel III was recently developed after taking in consideration the loopholes and weaknesses that contributed to the financial crisis. Basically, these rules intend to protect the world economy from the possible effects of any future financial crisis. In addition to that, they also aim to reduce the risk that would be imposed on governments to spend funds while protecting banks and their creditors. The new rules of Basel III seek to avoid the failure of Basel II -Imperfect and under-a dopted rules now are no longer in use after the 2008 global financial crisis. It takes a more critical view of leverage in general, and of risk insurance and trading in debt between banks and other players. They ask the banks to hold a larger buffer of capital, and more liquid assets. The most important changes in Basel III comprise of: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Setting higher minimum capital requirements and changes to Tier 1 capital rules ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Strengthening both the quantum and quality of capital for banks and insurance companies ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Improving mechanisms for dealing with systemic risk found in the financial system ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Enhancing the system and institutions abilities to cope with liquidity shocks which have occurred throughout the GFC ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Improving forward-looking approaches to loan loss provisioning ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Encouragi ng long-term thinking by counter-cyclical prudential measures, and remuneration arrangements which better align reward and risk arising over the longer term. https://www.basel-ii-risk.com/basel-iii-guide-to-the-changes/ Development of New Basel III Standard First, The quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base will be raised. Tier 1 capital will place greater emphasis on common equity component. Tier 2 capital instruments will be harmonized. Tier 3 capital will be eliminated. Second, Enhancement of risk coverage through enhanced capital requirements for counterparty credit risk. Enhanced risk coverage will address issues that arise in connection with the use of derivatives, repos and securities financing arrangements Third, Changes to non-risk adjusted leverage ratio. This ratio will supplement the Basel II risk capital framework. Fourth, Measures to improve countercyclical capital framework. While many bank investors loved Basel III, the re were some problems encountered in Basel III. Basel III was considered to be implemented really quick even though Basel II took a decade to be put together but never got implemented properly. It was said that Basel III adopted some of the same problems faced in Basel II The risk weighing concept: The banks were told to hold more capital against the riskier assets than they do against safer assets. Basel III is considered to be backward-looking. A few drawbacks of Basel III were the following: Capital requirements in Basel III were too low; Credit ratings were depended upon the most; Banks could use internal models to measure risk; Banks could get around the rules by setting up off-balance-sheet entities like SIVs; It lacked any kind of liquidity requirements. BASEL IIIS EFFECTS ON UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Over the years, United Arab Emirates have been reporting to a BASEL I framework. Since, it is progressing well, there are doubts that there will be immediate implementation of BASEL III. However, over the past year or so, the U.A.E has needed significant capital injections and liquidity support, so the ratios will report negative effects. Hence, there is no rush to adopt to Basel III, as new standards would highlight capital and liquidity drawbacks. Currently, the U.A.Es banks are reporting elevated capital ratios ( 15% Tier I ratios, 18% CAR), but this has been boosted by public sector injections of Tier I and Tier II capital. The equity- asset ratios of 10 % has indicated how Tier I ratios might present itself under BASEL III framework, particularly if banks attempt to setback or smooth provisioning against a likely imminent decline in asset quality. Dr. Nasser Al Saidi, Executive Director of the Hawkamah- Institute for Corporate Governance said, Banking regulations must proc eed on a global basis but since the UAE banks are almost applying the same capital adequacy ratio as Basel III requirements, the new international rules would not have a direct impact on the UAE banking sector. However, due to the global recession, several banks buckled, while furthermore have botched various challenges, highlighting a elementary flaw amongst banks worldwide. Dr. Al Saidi also mentioned that the increase in capital requirement from 2% to 7% was a compulsory amendment as the increased capital would reduce the risk. If some banks still felt that the reserve wasnt enough, then they would tend to increase it out of further prudence and that would reduce the finances available to businesses, thus leading to added cost of loans. UAE banks are among the paramount capitalised in the world, and traditionally inflexible principles set by the UAE Central Bank for principal needs means that local banks already outdo norms set by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) a s part of the Basel III accord, which has a 2019 deadline, analysts say. Analysts also feel that the U.A.Es banking regulations are already stricter than those proposed by BASEL III. U.A.Es banks are safer as compared to majority of their Western and European counterparts. At present, the Tier I and total capital requirement ratios stand at 8 percent and 12 percent respectively, which already higher than the 2019 target ratios proposed by BASEL III of 6 percent and 8 percent respectively. The BIS reported that it has developed an accord for the boosting of vital capital ratios for all banks. The least necessity for general equity, the peak form of loss absorbing capital, will be lifted from the existing 2 to 4.5 per cent after the submission of stricter adjustments, which will be ushered in by 2015. The total Tier 1 capital necessity, which includes regular equity and other qualifying financial instruments depending upon harsher grounds, will raise from 4 percent to that of 6 percen t during the existing phase. A buffer requirement of 2.5 per cent that can be strained down to the 4.5 per cent least necessity when called for. Effectively, this will elevate general equity necessities to 7 per cent. If a bank falls under the 7 per cent general equity necessities, including the cushion, allocation of income should condense atleast till the 7 per cent stage is improved. The margins above would relate to dividends and managerial reimbursement, including bonuses. These changes are supposed to reinforce the banks stability to absorb future potential losses. The transition period for banks to comply with these rules was set at 2012, however, it has now been extended to January, 2019. Since the U.A.Es banks are still adjusting to Basel IIs policies since November, 2009, it will be far too early to comment upon the consequences of these new regulation changes. Basel III rules on capital adequacy rates stipulate phased increases from 2 per cent to 3.5 per cent in 20 12, to 4.5 per cent by 2015 and to the full 7 per cent by the end of 2018. Although the U.A.E is in recession, these regulations give banks a necessary amount of time to adjust. There is faith in the U.A.Es financial system, as it has been able to cope flexibly and effectively to unforeseen shocks. Data Analysis https://www.systemiclogic.com.au/?p=1038 The above graph places emphasis on the quality of capital required. The new capital requirement will emerge in a period of five years, and over this period the minimum capital ratio will remain at 8%- However, its composition may change. Ordinary shares which are the highest quality capital are seen to move from 2% under Basel II to 4% under Basel III. As a result, the relevance of Tier 2/3 which is the lower quality capital will reduce to a quarter of the total required. Apart from the minimum capital requirement, institutions are expected to hold a conservation buffer also in common equity of 2.5%, which will act as a measure of relief in times of stress. https://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7323914-basel-3-has-arrived-finally-for-banks/content/63411911-basel-iii After the release of Basel II, the capital requirement was at 2%. With the arrival of Basel III updates the value has increased to 4.5%. (I.e. an increase of 2.5%). Basel IIIs stated aims are to improve the banking sectors ability to Absorb shocks Improve risk management Strengthen banks transparency To achieve this it laid down two areas of regulation, which are: micro prudential this includes dealing with the flexibility of individual banks and macro prudential which includes dealing with the strength of the banking sector as a whole. According to the Basel III reforms, one of the methods to bring about the change from procyclical lending to countercyclical lending, include increasing capital requirements and adding more capital buffers to deal with times of stress, rising from 2.5% to 7%. The Tier 1 capital requirement, that covers various qualifying financial resources which are based on rigid criteria, and common equity, will increase to 6% from its current value of 4% during the same time. Basel 3 summary has given the date from which it has to be put into practice by various member nations. The date turns out to be 1st January 2013. It is said that member countries have to convert the Basel III updates into national financial regulations before this date. Basel 3 Summary also affects the Risk weighted assets or RWAs and the date of implementation is the same. The first section is 3.5% common equity for every RWA. The next one is to have 4.5% Tier 1 capital for every RWA, amounting to the total of 8% capital for every RWA. Basel III also brings forward the minimum common equity requirement that to be followed from 1st January 2013 till 1st January 2015. The change in the minimum common equity requirement from 2% to 3.5% is effective from 1st January 2013. The T ier 1 capital requirements have also risen to 5.5% from 4%, which is a slight change. The banks should aim to reach 4% minimum common equity plus 5.5% of Tier 1 capital by 1st January 2014. From the above it can be noted that Basel III summary has made 1st January 2015 into an important date, as we can see that by that time the banks will have common equity raised to 4.5% and the Tier 1 requirements raised to 6%.

Malthusian Theory in relation to the Caribbean - 2024 Words

Malthusian Theory in relation to the Caribbean According to Chinapoo et Al (2014), Thomas Malthus’s Theory (1798), claims that population growth is determined by certain natural laws and food supply was the main limit to population. He argued that population increases faster than the food supply and compared the way in which each increases. Malthus theory of population can be used to explain the dynamics of the relationship between population and resources in less developed territories. Since the Caribbean is considered to be less developed in comparison to other nation-states for example, the US, France, England and so on, the Malthusian theory of population can be applied to explain population-resource issues in the Caribbean. However†¦show more content†¦According to Green (1976), there were several cases during slavery, where most women deliberately engaged in sexual activity in the hope to get pregnant as a way of escaping the plantation hardships. Also, Malthus purported that the poor was a drain and strain on society and believed that providing welfare will only encourage them to reproduce more as previously stated. However in historical Caribbean society, although high levels of poverty existed, there was no welfare available to support the poor due to the greater nations focusing on other factors such as defeating the spread of communism. As a result, Malthus’s theory is seen to be inapplicable in this situation as welfare was not involved and the population did not increase rapidly in relation to the food supply. On the other hand, According to the Demographic Transition Theory (DTT) developed by George Roberts, the Caribbean region has seen to evolve over the years, from slavery to emancipation to independence. The region is slowly developing due to introductions to technology, industrialization, modernization and globalization. As a result of its development, Malthus’s population theory is seen to be very inapplicable to contemporary Caribbean society. According to Chinapoo et Al (2014), the presence of globalization in contemporary Caribbean society makes Malthus’s theory extraneous. Malthus underestimated human’s capacity to move themselves and goods.Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesshaped the likelihood and direction of migration in many forms. Labor demands and low frontier populations produ ced both higher wages and increased opportunities for employment and trade. At the same time, increased commercialization impacted rural relations around the world, creating both the need and the opportunities to spend money earned through the wages of migrants. The growth of commercial agriculture and rural industry also provided an impetus for seasonal rural-to-rural moves.7 In Europe alone

Formal Email Policy Business Process

Question: Write about Formal Email PolicyforBusiness Process. Answer: Introduction The email has revolutionized the business process all over the world. The organizations conduct most of their business activity through email. The most advantageous about this electronic medium is the speed of sending a message irrespective of the distance between the sender and the receivers. With the growing competition in the world, it is most important to have information and act accordingly. A business email contains information or news related to the business, which enable the employers to communicate with the workers effectively. The purpose of this paper is to research and produce a report on the development of formal email policy of an organization. Firstly it will be discussed why the organization should develop a formal email policy. It will also identify the issues around the email use in an organization. The report will also mention the benefits of a formal email policy. The report will also focus on describing how the policy should be implemented or enforced in the orga nization. The report will focus on the email policy of a renowned IT company IBM. Analysis Need for Formal Email Policy There are several reasons for a company to develop email policy. By developing this policy, a company can prevent email threats. It ensures that the employees are conscious about the corporate rules and instructions. This is developed to protect the organization against hacking and confidential leaks and to reduce the legal responsibility (Pardo and Schneider 2014). Any kind of misconduct can be prohibited by an email policy. It helps to avoid legal liability of the company. Email policy is necessary to inform the employees regarding the email etiquette to ensure that the company communicates in a professional manner. The email policy is also required to inform the employees that the higher authority is monitoring their emails. It is necessary to inform the employees that if they send or forward an email that contains any defamatory; offensive and racist contents then the employee and the company will be liable. Email policy is also required to let the users know if any confidential data is shared; or if any one copy and paste any message without permission then the sender and the company will be liable for infringement of copyrights (Wideman 2014). Hence, it is important for the users of business email id, to know the legal risks associated with the business emails. Since thepolicy for formal emailsare published, it is perceived that the users are well aware of the legal requirements of using that email ID. Hence, knowing the consequences, the formal legal policies prohibit the employee to forward any message without the senders consent. The formal email policy also required to be developed to prohibit the employees to use another employees official email account. The email policy is also important to develop to make sure that official id is not used for any other purposes. IBM is one of the largest information technology companies. The product of IBM includes software and hardware for a range of business servers. It has developed microchip; PC etc but it has gained its dominant position through its section of Information Technology. The company operates all over the world with a huge numbers of employees, around 377,757 as on 2015. Hence, email is an important way of communicating with millions of employees regularly. The company has to deal with several kinds of issues like employee satisfaction and the well-being of the company as well. This IT division of this giant company deals with different clients in assisting them in IT solution. Therefore, it holds lot of confidential data. Hence, it is necessary to develop email policy to make the employees aware of sharing data (IBM 2014). Email policy is also required to develop so that the employees can use it properly as a harmless means of communication. The need for formal email policy is necessary fo r IBM to make sure that the employers use this electronic tool in an effective; responsible and lawful manner. It is possible that any outsider can send any attachment or link in order to hack for getting information regarding the company. Therefore, formal email policy aware employees about not to click on links if it looks suspicious. It may contain viruses or phishing contents asking for personal financial details. The IBM is concern about its employees. Hence, in order to look after the interest of the employees and to keep them safe from any kind of cyber-crime, it is necessary for IBM to develop a formal email policy(RiskSupport.org.au 2014). The email policy of IBMinforms regarding all legal and safety aspects to the employees or the users; thus employees can avoid risks simply by following the guidelines of this policy. By this way, the employees can IBM can protect the organization from potential danger. Issues for Using Email Though email is a quick and cost-effective method of communication, there are significant issues thatcan be arose due to using emails in an organization. Email does not develop any personal connection between the sender and the receivers. Written messages may not convey the actual message to the employees. Sometimes the meanings can be misinterpreted, as the reader of the message cannot see the facial expression of the sender. The humor; sarcasm or strong emotion cannot be conveyed through emails. In addition to this, the using of wrong punctuation; upper case letters; highlight of text may convey wrong messages to the recipients. It is important for a business to develop relationship with the employees or with the coworkers to work as a team. Communicating through business emails is not effective to creating a proper business atmosphere. Another problem related to the business email is that information is overloaded. Too many emails take occupy huge and unnecessary time of the worke rs. Not only the office time but also the personal time is taken out of their lives. Some business houses have recognized the disadvantages of information overload. Using emails in workplace may waste the time of the employees. Employees can spend unnecessary time in sending personal notes or jokes around the co-workers. Therefore, email causes distraction in work(Martin and Nakayama 2013). Employees get addicted to sending personal emails or in checking emails numerously. Uses of emails in business may cause severe mismanagement in the system. This is when the employees do not read the email. Suppose, the top management has delivered some news or ordered something to do, but due to technical issues, the employees do not receive the email. They will fail to amend the task without knowing what has been conveyed. If the task is urgent, then failing to amend it may cause severe loss to the business. Therefore, disconnection of internet connection may lead to no exchange of news or mess ages, which may affect the operation of the company. Spam or viruses is a major issue of using business email. The PCs or the laptop in the workplace can be damaged because of receiving spam or viruses in the emails. This may destroy crucial informational data of the employee (Jackson and Russell 2015). This will hamper their work in progress anddetrimental to the companys performance. The sensitive information can be shared easily via email, no matter whether it is deliberately or accidentally but the after effect is the same. Using business email might be problematic for the employees, as the upper management monitors the account randomly. Any kind of personal email is accessible by the higher authority, hence contents of business emails do not have privacy. Benefits of Formal Email Policy In spite of several drawbacks of using business emails, the uses is not restricted or prohibited by the company, rather the significance of using business email is growing its importance day by day. The major reason behind this is that the speed of this communication tool. Email can be sent and received instantly. The information is disseminated very fast. Through email, single message can be reached to number of employees of an organization. anyone from the hierarchy can send message to the employees and any employee can communicate to the higher authority of a company. Therefore, emails help to bridge the gap between the workers and the management. Moreover, by communicating with the employees, the managers or the director of a company can get feedback on the service provided to the customers or regarding the work culture they are getting or about any grievances against the management or co-workers (Icaew.com 2014). Through email, an employee can share confidential information rele vant to the management. The business is not operating in the single city or in a single country. It may have operations globally. Hence, it is not possible to communicate verbally with all employees around the world. Therefore, through email information can be shared with everyone. Business email is not only used for communicating with the management and workers; it also help to communicate easily with the customers of the company. Through email, a business can target its audiences. The sales department of the company can approach to the consumer through emails. In addition to this, the customer can also send their feedbacks or requirement or any kind of complaints to the companys official email id. They can solve their problem by interacting through emails with the customer support team (Kalia, Nezhad, Bartoliniand and Singh 2013). The business email is sent free of cost and creating email account does not charge any costs. It just requires internet access. Email keeps record perma nently. Therefore, if some data is lost, which was once came through email; it can be retrieved easily. Moreover, the messages and replies are also remained saved in email, which can be required for any future references. Implementation or Enforcement of Email Policy Email policy of an organization can be enforced or implemented by providing training to the users. Employees should be trained regularly. The companys management should help the users by informing about the effective emails. It must also be mentioned that the offensive comment or jokes can be harmful for them. The use distress to them employees are made understood that offensive remarks can be abusive to other people that might cause distress to them (Davis 2015). Through training, they are informed that they should not click on unknown links asking personal details. The formal email policy can also be implemented by dealing with the prompt and necessary action when any employee complains about offensive mail. The internal procedures of the company should allow investigation regarding the complaints. The policy can be implemented by engaging he employees themselves in detecting the inappropriate content of email (Paczkowski, Parsel, and Rajagopal 2015). By implementing the email poli cy in the companies, the legal cost of the company can be reduced. The supervisor should arrange meeting within 10 days of hearing complaint. Moreover, by monitoring the email, it can be ensured that no policies are being breached. Email policies can be enforced by blocking the unwanted messages or contents from email. The wrong pattern of using business email can be lessen and email policy can be followed properly. By penalizing the employee who misuses the business email, the policy can be strictly enforced. The organization can includeemployees suggestion while making an email policy. They can also take legal advice while formulating the policy. Moreover, the policy should be applied to each level of hierarchy by making same rule for everyone (Cornwalls.com.au. 2010). Moreover, the company should revise the email policywhen necessary andwith any changes that might impact the liability of the company. Conclusion In the above discussion, the report has been made regarding the formal email policy in an organization.The report has discussed the why its is necessary for IBM to develop formal email policy. In this report it has discussed the benefits of using business email in an organization. The problem related to using email for business purpose has also been taken into consideration. This report has also discussed the ways in which the formal email policy can be enforced or implemented properly. It has been identified that using of business email hassignificant importance; however, there are some major loopholes. To make aware of the risks associate with the use of email in business, the formal email policy should be developed. By training and taking instant action, the email policy can be enforced properly in an organization. References Cornwalls.com.au. (2010).The Benefit of Workplace Policies when Communicated Effectively and Applied Consistently :: Cornwall Stodart Lawyers. [online] Available at: https://cornwalls.com.au/sharing-knowledge/legal-updates/the-benefit-of-workplace-polices-when-communicated-effectively-and-applied-consistently.aspx [Accessed 3 Jun. 2016]. Davis, J.B., 2015. What to Consider When Handling Company Vs. Private Email.policy. ibm.com. (2014).IBM Acceptable Internet use policy for IBM services - United States. [online] Available at: https://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/imc/html/aup1.html [Accessed 4 Jun. 2016]. Icaew.com. (2014).An email policy for your employees. [online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/~/media/corporate/files/library/collections/online%20resources/briefings/directors%20briefings/hr36empo.ashx [Accessed 3 Jun. 2016]. Jackson, T. and Russell, E., 2015. Four email problems that even titans of tech haven't resolved.The Conversation. Kalia, A., Nezhad, H.R.M., Bartolini, C. and Singh, M., 2013.Identifying business tasks and commitments from email and chat conversations. Technical Report HPL-2013-4, HP Laboratories. Martin, J.N. and Nakayama, T.K., 2013.Experiencing intercultural communication.McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Paczkowski, L.W., Parsel, W.M. and Rajagopal, A., Sprint Communications Company LP, 2015.Trusted policy and charging enforcement function. U.S. Patent 9,066,230. Pardo, R. and Schneider, G., 2014. A formal privacy policy framework for social networks. InSoftware Engineering and Formal Methods(pp. 378-392). Springer International Publishing. RiskSupport.org.au. (2014).Developing an Email Usage Policy. [online] Available at: https://risksupport.org.au/resources/Documents/Developing%20an%20Email%20Usage%20Policy%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf [Accessed 4 Jun. 2016]. Wideman, R.B., , 2014.Messaging Policy Controlled Email De-Duplication. Quantum Corporation. U.S. Patent Application 14/515,705.

Taking a Glance into the Heart of Darkness The Ambitions and Failure of the Civilization

Rethinking the historical events is one of those tasks that inevitably bring people to realizing their past mistakes and drawing experiences so that these mistakes would not be made further on in the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taking a Glance into the Heart of Darkness: The Ambitions and Failure of the Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On Conrad’ Heart of Darkness, the lead character, Marlow, at first considers the reasons behind the Europeans who were heading to the wilderness of Central Africa as â€Å"civilized† and rather noble; however, further on, Marlow becomes disappointed about these reasons. After re-evaluating the ambitions of the people exploring the African continent in such an impudent manner, Marlow realizes that the true reasons behind the Europeans’ travel were far more egotistic than he could ever imagine. Indeed, the goals of the people, heading for the terra incognita of the distant and savage lands are not quite clear; wisely enough, Conrad does not disclose the aims of the travelers from the very first page – eh only hints at the possible aims which the travelers might pursue: â€Å"But these chaps were not much account, really. They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect† (Conrad 9). However, when it comes to discussing the reasons that made Marlow join the ranks of those exploring the uncharted lands, Conrad makes it obvious that Marlow’s intentions were most innocent: â€Å"Now when I was a little chap I had a passion for maps. I would look for hours at South America, or Africa, or Australia, and lose myself in all the glories of exploration.† (Conrad 11). It seems that for Marlow, only the passion for adventures and new experiences was the true motivation. Nevertheless, even Marlow has hard times with learning about the continent and its inha bitants: After all, that was only a savage sight, while I seemed at one bound to have been transported into some lightless region of subtle horrors, where pure, uncomplicated savagery was a positive relief, being something that had a right to exist — obviously — in the sunshine. (Conrad 122) Finally, he also lets some of the madness which the rest of the crew was infected with reach his heart, filling it with darkness as well: â€Å"I had to beat that Shadow — this wandering and tormented thing. ‘You will be lost,’ I said –‘utterly lost.’† (Conrad 137).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the readers are left with guessing what the Europeans heading for the new lands are going to do. On the one hand, it might seem that the mission of these people could be quite noble; starting with bringing common knowledge t o the pagans, it could expand further on to establishing relationships with the people inhabiting the uncharted places, which will supposedly include not only cultural, but also economical and even political ties. However, Conrad clarifies the given issue pretty soon, explaining that the causes bringing the Europeans to the uncharted lands are far from being noble: â€Å"They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force — nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others† (Conrad 9). As Conrad’s lead character, Marlow, continues telling his side of the story, it becomes clear that the Europeans ware aiming only at cashing in on the inhabitants of the wilderness: â€Å"They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind — as is very proper for those who tackle a darkne ss† (Conrad 9). The author stresses that the goals of a new European presence were to use the lands, the people and their resources and then leave the place, barren and forgotten. Thus, the question of what the European people were targeting at when heading for the wilderness of the continent remains open. While there are some specks of humanity left in some of the characters, including Marlow, the narrator, it is still clear that the story focuses on the lowest of the low and their efforts to grab every single thing of the slightest market value. The darkness within the man who came to conquer started to grow: â€Å"It had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable ceremonies of some devilish initiation† (Conrad 92). The above-mentioned, therefore, triggers the question whether these are the wild pagans, the gloomy forests of the continent or the wretched souls of the European conquero rs where the darkness is born. It is quite peculiar that all characters portrayed in the novel pursue their own goals, though their goals seem to revolve around the same core, i.e., the desire to get their own profit out of the situation which they have trapped themselves in.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taking a Glance into the Heart of Darkness: The Ambitions and Failure of the Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, it seems that none of the characters reach their goals in the end; the attempt to conquer the wilderness ended up in a complete failure. Marlow’s point seems sadly legitimate enough. Driven by the supposedly huge economical and financial profit, the European travelers were defeated not by the threatening darkness of the African continent. It was the darkness of their souls that trapped them – the darkness of the people making their way over corpses. Works Cited Conrad , Joseph n. d., Heart of Darkness. PDF file. 17 Nov. 2012. https://planetpdf.com/planetpdf/pdfs/free_ebooks/Heart_of_Darkness_T.pdf. This essay on Taking a Glance into the Heart of Darkness: The Ambitions and Failure of the Civilization was written and submitted by user Hiroim to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Barbie

Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto... Free Essays on Barbie Free Essays on Barbie Barbie, the Plague that must be stopped! In today’s society, many negative images influence our children’s sense of reality. From the vulgar music that has contaminates the airwaves to cartoons reared for the viewing of young children; like the Simpson, which contain foul language and sexual content. Many children idolize their favorite action hero, pop star or if society is lucky hopefully parents that are positive role models, but what if your child idolized the Barbie doll? Yes, the perfect buxom blonde bombshell that is somehow capable of conquering the world with her smile and the right hue of lipstick. Mattel, one of the worlds leading Toy Companies, has had their share of controversy with the Barbie Doll. Women right’s activist feel there is much emphasizes on appearance in our society from weight, height, and race, rather than education, self-esteem and moral values, and that society as a whole needs to take responsibility in the empowerment and the development of children. In addition, as individuals, we have allowed societies image of beauty and acceptance infiltrate our own perceptions. Although Barbie is merely a doll her values and body image is a negative example for her young practitioners. Personally, I was not a fan of Barbie as a young girl; remote control cars and trucks captured my interest rather than a doll. Society and individuals should discontinue the use or participation of any game, toy or sport that can be described any way as a negative image for children. Has society allowed itself to play a part in developing characteristics of the Barbie doll? Well of course, they have. Everywhere you look, magazine ads show ways to loose weight or how to change ones appearance in order to gain acceptance from peers. The majority of women are striving to reach the perfect ideal of what society feels is beautiful which leads many to dieting, excessive exercising and in worse cases the help of docto...

Exam 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Exam 2 - Essay Example Strategic staffing can be defined as the process that companies utilize to identify and deal with the staffing implications of specific business plans and strategies. It includes both the idea of identifying and tackling, but not either of the two. Some organizations implement strategic staffing only to assist them identify problems like staffing gaps; in which demand surpasses supply, or surpluses; in which supply surpasses demand. Even though this identification process is essential, it is also inadequate. Strategic staffing is helpful solely when the procedure also defines what the company ought to do to reduce or eliminate those surpluses and staffing gaps most efficiently. Strategic staffing can also be defined to mean a process towards change. Emphasizing change means that staffing insinuations should be identified and discussed continuously, any time changes are made to the business plan, not just once per year (Bechet 51). Mostly, organizations perceive that the aim of strategic staffing is to forecast future staffing requirements. They then attempt to define staffing activities that must be considered in that context to get rid of issues that may or may not come up in the future. This move cannot be accurately achieved, while at the same time, has little or no impact to the company. As a result, some organizations give up to the procedure immediately since their managers have no understanding, knowledge, and skills to predict their lasting staffing needs reliably. The objective is therefore to develop a long-term context in which the most efficient short-term decisions can be made. For a company to develop a strategic staffing plan that is successful, it has to encounter several issues or problems. This can include lack of specificity on expected competencies, invalid data for making sound decisions, and poor

Visual arts and film studies IP5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual arts and film studies IP5 - Essay Example These three art works have been taken from the Baroque, Renaissance and Enlightenment period – three different movements in history that greatly influenced the art and artists of their time. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Ecstasy of St. Teresa The Ecstasy of St. Teresa is one of the greatest masterpieces that have been sculpted by the baroque artist, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini created this life-sized sculpture in white marble for the Cornaro Chapel in Rome under the commission of Venetian  Cardinal Federico Cornaro. This sculpture depicts the scene from the autobiography of Teresa of Avila, a nun and reformer, when she was under the throes of religion ecstasy when the Angel sent by God pierced her heart with a pointed arrow. Done entirely in white marble, Bernini in this detailed sculpture has managed to achieve a variety of textures such as the fold of the Angel’s cloth, the texture of the clouds and the sculpted body of the Angel. Bernini has also added drama to the sc ulpture through the strategic placement of the art piece within the Chapel. The sculpture is placed in a niche where the sculpture is overcast with light falling from above in such a way that the sculpture appears private and secluded. The use of light and dark is typical of the Baroque technique of chiaroscuro (Strickland and Boswell, 2007). Bernini, himself was a devout Catholic and was the favored artist of Pope Barberini but following his accession of Innocent X, Bernini soon fell out of the favor of the new Pope. It was during this time that Bernini was approached by Cornaro and created this sculpture. However, the theme of religion is apparent in this sculpture also since Bernini attended mass regularly and was part of the movement known as Counter Reformation. Counter Reformation was a movement where the church and devout Catholics wants to bring back the passion for the Christ that Protestants had managed to attack furiously in their Reformation movement. This sculpture is t ypical of the Baroque period when most of the artwork was based on the theme of reviving the religious theme and their passion for the people. Baroque tended to favor the elaborate and the dramatic while also emphasizing on detail. The sculpture of St. Teresa is a perfect example of the Baroque period. Michelangelo and the Creation of Adam The Creation of Adam is a fresco created by Renaissance artist, Michelangelo. This fresco is located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican, Rome and was commissioned by Pope Julius II. This fresco uses symbolic imagery as Michelangelo makes the pointing of the two fingers the focus of the fresco to depict the creation of Adam by God. The pointing of fingers illustrates God giving the breath of life to Adam. This fresco along with the rest of the frescos painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is adapted from the Book of Genesis and thus represents a religious theme. The use of bright colors and outlines make the ceiling more eye-cat ching and clearly visible. Michelangelo was reluctant to work on these frescos since his expertise was sculpture rather than frescos but these frescos marked Michelangelo as one of the best artists in the history of art. While fresco was not the forte of the great artist, elements within the fresco brand these fresco as the work of Michelangelo, such as the use of nude males that were characteristic of the great artis